Iceland Spar

Yeah, it’s calcite, but iceland spar just sounds better.

With the right crystal structure, as with calcite (a form of good, old calcium carbonate), you get some neat effects. With a refractive index that varies depending on the polarization of the light passing through, a chunk of iceland spar is birefringent and causes a visual doubling effect of the objects seen beyond. How cool is that?

Foot Candle Meter

Foot candle meter, circa 1964
Yes, a footcandle is an actual unit of measurement.

Sometimes you stumble across little gems, squirreled away in the back closets, like these illuminance meters, acquired in March of 1964. Sadly, no cost etched into the side. Eventually, these were replaced with more modern versions, before being phased out of labs entirely.

We can guess how they were used – being next to a box of slide frames with a rainbow of color filters – and assume they’re not making a comeback. But check out all of that tiny, mid-century text crammed on there!

  • “Below normal for good visibility”
  • “Satisfactory for book print and general work”
  • “Suitable for ordinary reading such as newsprint”
  • “Prolonged eye effort, requiring excellent visibility”

Especially intrigued at the specific note about newsprint requiring twice the incident light of other reading, writing, and general tasks.

Optics Table

Heavier than it looks.

When a table is wider than the doorway it’s meant to fit through, it’s time to get creative.

When that table top is for an optics setup, and weighs about 400 kg, creativity involves some sturdy equipment.

In place, ideally never moving again.

Step two: make certain it’s exactly where it wants to stay for the next decade or two.

Astronomy in the Library

Spines of astronomy texts on a library shelf.
Browsing the stacks.

Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1970’s. Presumably a good chunk of it holds up? Chances are there are some spectacular discoveries (like our modern value of the Hubble constant) that would need a little updating. Maybe it’s also safe to assume that Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium has a few details now out of sync with our modern understanding?

By “our modern understanding,” we mean the field of experts, not the guys in the basement. We know stuff, sure. Some stuff.

Incidentally, Astronomy from a Space Platform is also from the ’70s. The proceedings from an AAAS symposium in Philadelphia in December 1970, it opens with an article titled “Energy Production from Nuclear Fusion,” highlighting the (then) current state of research on the subject.

Guess they didn’t yet realize what they were up against, but, hey, who doesn’t appreciate a little optimism now and then?